Computer History and Hardware Questions

Hello Readers, 
Today we are sharing some questions related to computer history and hardware. These types of questions mostly asked in previous years examination like SSC, IBPS, IB etc.

Computer History

• Chief component of first generation computer was Vaccum Tubes and valves.
• Computer size was very large in First Generation.
• IBM-1401 is first generation of computer.
• Univac 1 (Universal Automatic Computer) in 1951 was one of the earliest versions. 
• First Mechanical Calculator built by Blaise Pascal.
• First Generation computers described as a vaccum tube based electronic computer. 
• Second Generation computers described as solid state components. These components replaced from Vaccum Tubes. They were originated in late 1950s. 
• Third Generation computers used IC chips (Integrated Circuit Chips). It was replaced by several wired transistors. They were originated in the early 1960s.
• Fourth Generation computer used microprocessor, modern microchip. Large Scale Integration Technology used in this generation. It means thousands of transistors constructed on single silicon chip (Semiconductor Chip).They were originated in the mid 1970.
• Fifth Generation computer used VLSI technology (very large scale integration technology) and very high level programming languages. In this generation, they were using more than one micro processing chips.
• Computer built before the first generation of computer were Electro Mechanical.
• The Basic architecture of a computer was developed by John von Neumann.
• 32 bit operations were introduced for first time by Microsoft in Window 3.11.
• Microsoft first introduced an operating environment name windows in which year?- 1985
• RUP stands for ‘Rational Unified Process’. RUP is a software development process from Rational, a division of IBM.
• Father of ‘C’ Programming Language – Dennis Ritchie
• EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) was the first stored-program computer.

Hardware

• To make a notebook act as a desktop model, the note can be connected to a Docking Station which is connected to a monitor and other devices.
• Storage that remains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as – Non-volatile Storage.
• Virtual Memory is Memory on the hard disk that the CPU uses as extended RAM.
• The PC (Personal Computer) and the Apple Macintosh are example of two different platform.
• E-SATA (External-Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) - Allow you to connect SATA drives externally while still getting the same transfer speeds as internal SATA drives.
• Heat Sink - It is cooling device which attaches to a CPU to conduct away and disperse the heat generated by CPU.
• 8 bits = 1 byte.
• Four major function of a computer is Input, Process, Output, Storage (IPOS).
• Servers are computers that provide resources to other computer connected to a Network.
• Chip is a common nickname for an Integrated Circuits.
• Sound Cards - An interface card that is used to transfer the audio signal between the computer and the speakers.
• MICR Technology used for clearance of cheques by banks refers to – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.
• Chief Component of first generation computer was – Vaccum Tubes and Valves.
• Computer size was very large in First Generation.
• Mega is 2 to the power of 20.
• The storage that supplements the primary internal storage of a computer is known as Secondary storage.
• The storage device used to compensate for the difference in rates of flow of data from one device to another is termed as Buffer.
• Laptops – Lightweight Computers, small enough to fit in a small suitcase.
• On magnetic disks, the data on the platter is organized in a concentric sets of rings, called Sectors.
• Hard disk device can store large amount of data.
• RAM is a temporary primary memory.
• Formatted capacity of floppy disk (3.5”) is 1.44 MB.
• When a key is pressed on the keyboard, which standard is used for converting the keystroke into the corresponding bits? – ASCII
• The part of computer system containing the circuit ray that does the adding, subtracting, multiplying dividing and comparing is called as ALU.
• The storage that supplements the primary internal storage of a computer is known as Secondry Storage.
• ASCII is a standard code used to exchange information among data processing and communication system.
• RAM (Random Access Memory) is memory built from silicon chips that is used to store program and data temporarily while they are being processed.
• Conversion of computer generated result into human acceptable form is a function of Output Interface.
• The components of a computer system with the circuitary to control interpretation and execution of instruction is known as CPU.
• The computer as a Machine and all other equipments associated with it are termed as Software.
• The technique that extends storage capacities of memory beyond the actual size of a memory is called Virtual Storage.
• A term associated with comparison of processing speeds of different computer system is MIPS.
• (11100)₂ = (28)₁₀
• The man who built the first mechanical calculator was Blaise Pascal.
• Analog Computer is a device that operates on data in the form of continuously varying physical quantities.
• The reading speed of MICR is about 2400.
• Peripheral are Input, Output and secondary storage devices.
• ALU stands Arithmetic logic unit.
• The CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) is Rectangular in Shape.
• Smaller and less expensive PC-based servers are replacing mainframes in many businesses.
• Nanotechnology is the science revolving around the use of nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale.
• Supercomputer are specially designed computers that perform complex calculations rapidly.
• A byte can hold one character of data.
• After a picture has been taken with a digital camera and processed appropriately, the actual print of the picture is considered output.
• Computer process data into information by working exclusively with Numbers.
• A string of eight 0’s & 1’s is called a Megabyte.
• A pixel is the smallest resolvable part of a picture.
• Mouse is device is used as the standard pointing device in a graphical user environment.
• CD-ROM devices have a limitation that we can only add information to it but cannot erase or modify it.
• Laser technology used in Compact Disk.
• The Largest manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives - Seagate  
• Most of the commonly used personal computers/ laptops do not have a command key known as Turn over.
• USB – Universal Serial Bus.
• 4 bits = 1 Nibble.
• Hard Disk, Pen Drive, Floppy Disk are the examples of Auxiliary Storage.
• Inkjet Printer, Thermal printer, Laser printer are the examples of Non Impact Printer.
• Number of Function Keys on the keyboard – 12
• In CAD and CAM application application what type of input device a user can use? – TRACK BALL
• One TB (Terabyte) = 1024 GB
• The term round trip delay time, used in telecommunication is replaced in computer with Access Time.
• The term ‘push and pull services’ in context of the banking industry are used in Mobile Banking.
• Information travels between components on the mother board through buses.
• A generic name for Intel processor released after the original 8086 processor is X86.
• V-RAM is used for access of Video & Graphics.
• In the MICR code line structure what do represent the first 3 digit of sort field number consisting of nine digits? – City
•  RAM is Volatile memory.
• Tape can only have Sequential Access.
• CAD stands for Computer Aided Design.
• Daisy Wheel printer cannot print graphics.
• Best quality graphics is produced by Plotter.
• Memory which forgets every thing when you switch off the power is known as Volatile.
• The 16 bit microprocessor means that it has 16 Data lines.
• A Latten is a bi-stable electronic circuit that has two stable states. 
• Scanner is Input Device.
• IBM stands for International Business Machines.
• SMPS stands for Switched mode power supply.
• VDU(Virtual Display Unit) is also called Screen and Monitor.
• A memory that is referred by its contents instead of physical address is called Content addressable storage.
• A camera is a dual purpose device. They allow you take picture (input) and display them (output).
• Rebooting – When restarting a computer system while it running.
• If you open a menu and then decide you don’t want to select an option after all. Click the menu title again or press the ESC key to close the menu.
• Multitasking provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously.
• To make the number pad act as directional arrows, you press the num lock.
• A key that will erase information from the computer’s memory and characters on the screen delete key.
• Terminal is any input/output device.
• Computers that are portable and convenient for users who travel are known as Laptops.
• Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors.
• A disk’s content that is recorded at the time of manufacture and that cannot be changed or erased by the users is read-only.
• Keyboard is input device.
• A disk drive is the brain of the computer.
• A Peripheral is the general terms for hardware not necessary to the basic function of the computer, connected externally.
• RAM refers to the memory in your computer.
• Ctrl, Alt, Shift are Modifier Keys.
• Laser printer is a example of Page Printer.
• Approx. 1 Million bytes = 1 MB.
• Stylus is an Input Device.
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU (Control Unit) is a parts of CPU.
• A printed circuit board used to connect devices on it, in a computer known as Mother Board.
• VGA stands for Video Graphic Array.
• What is the role of stylus in Digitizer? – Writing
• To select a particular line in a paragraph Shift +Arrow Key.
• Keyboards, scanners and microphones are example of input devices.
• An electronic component that can be programmed to perform tasks is a microprocessor.
• A cable is a long, rubber – coated bundle of wires, with plugs on either end that connect computer parts.
• Whose contents are erased when the system’s power is turned off. – Memory
• A device which take into of anything and it into computerized image. - Scanner