Himalayan Range, Coastal Plains and Islands

Himalaya Range

1. Trans Himalaya
2. Greater Himalaya
3. Lesser or Middle Himalaya.
4. Purvanchal – Eatern Himalaya
5. Shiwalik – Outer Himalaya

Trans Himalaya region

• It is also known as  Tibet Himalaya.
• It Includes the Karakoram , Laddakh, Zaskar, Mount Kailash.
• Mount kailash also known as chinese name Kangrinboque Peak.
• Lake Mansarovar near Mount Kailash also known as chinese name Mapam Yumtso. 
• Siachen Glacier is the longest glacier of Karakoram Range and 2^nd longest glacier in the world in non polar region at 76km long.
• Siachen Glacier melt water and form Nubra River which is turn to join with Shyok River and then join to Indus River which flow through Pakistan.
• K2 or Godwin Austin (8611 m) is the highest peak in the Karakoram Range and 2^nd highest peak in the world after Mountain Everest (8848 m).
• Trans Himalaya is separated by the Indus- Tsangpo Suture Zone.

Greater Himalaya

• It is also known as Himadri.
• Height : above 4500m
• It lies from Nanga Parbat to Namcha Barwa,China near north of  Arunanchal Pradesh.
• Important Peak :- Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand), Kamet (Uttarkhand),  Kangchenjunga (Sikkim)
• Highest Peak in the world :- Mount Everest (8848 m) in Nepal.
• Sagarmatha is Nepalese name of Mount Everest.
• Chomolungma is Tibetan name of Mount Everest.
• Greater Himalaya is separated from by Lesser Himalaya by the Main Central Thrust.

Lesser Himalaya

• It is Middle Himalaya.
• Height – 3500m to 4500m
• It is Known as various local name like Pir Panjal in J&K, Dhauladhar (H.P.) and Mussorie, Nag Tibba  in Uttarakhand.
• Kashmir Valley, Lahaul & Spiti valley, Kullu and Kangra Valley are located between Greater Himalaya and Middle Himalaya.
• Famous hill stations like Shimla, Ranikhet, Kullu-Manali, Lansdowne, Mussorie, Nainital, Darjeeling is situated at Lesser Himalaya.
• Lesser Himalaya is separated from Shivalik by Main Boundary Thrust.

Outer Himalaya

• It is known as Shivalik Range.
• It is located between Lesser Himalaya and Great Plain.
• Width varies from 10 to 50 Km.
• There are several valleys like Kathmandu valley and in the western side, these valleys known as Dehradun and Haridwar.
• Terai is lowland region between Southern Nepal and Northern India.
• Local name of Shivalik in Arunanchal Pradesh are Daphla, Abor, Miri & Mishmi hills.
• Jammu hills in Jammu Region.

Purvanchal

• It is known as Eastern Himalaya
• After Dibang Valley the Himalaya southward turn and fall to purvanchal.
• Hills of Purvanchal :- Patkai Hill, Barail range separate the naga and Manipur hill, Mizo Hill, Manipur Hill, Naga Hill.
• Mount Saramati is the highest peak of Naga Hill at altitude 3826 m.
• Barail Range extends west part into the Garo, Khasi & Jaintia Hills
• Phawngpui or Blue Mountain is the Highest peak of Mizo Hill.

Himalayan Range Pass

	Area	Location	Connectivity
1.	Karakoram pass	J & K	India to China
2.	Pensi-la	J & K	Kargil to Padum
3	Zojila pass	J & K	Srinagar to Leh
4	Kongka Pass	J & K	Ladakh to Tibet
5	Khardung La	J & K	Ladakh to Tibbet
6	Bara lacha-la pass	Himachal Pradesh	Mandi to leh
7	Shipki-la-pass	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla to Tibet
8.	Rohtang Pass	Himachal Pradesh	Manali to Leh
9	Chanshal Pass	Himachal Pradesh	Dodra Kwar to Rohru in Shimla
10	Mana pass	Uttarakhand	Entry to Mansarover Lake through Kailash Ghati
11	Niti pass	Uttarakhand	Entry to Mansarover Lake through Kailash Ghati
12	Lipulekh pass	Uttarakhand	Entry to Mansarover Lake through Kailash Ghati
13	Nathu-la pass	Sikkim	Sikkim to Tibet
14	Jelep-la-pass	Sikkim	Sikkim to Lhasa (Tibet)
15	Goecha La	Sikkim	Sikkim
16	Bomdila pass	Arunachal Pradesh	Arunachal Pradesh
17	Pangsau pass	Arunachal Pradesh	India to Myanmar

Divisions of Himalayas
1. Punjab Himalaya between Indus and Sutlej River (560 Km).
2. Western Himalaya between West Indus and East Kali River (880 Km). It includes Kashmir Himalaya, Kumaon Himalaya, Himachal Himalaya. Kumaon Himalaya between Satluj and Kali River.
3. Central Himalaya or Nepal Himalaya between Kali and Tista river (800 Km).
4. Eastern Himalaya or Assam Himalaya between Tista and Bhramaputra River (720 Km).

Coastal Plains of India

There are two coastal region in India.

1. Western Coastal Plains

• The Southwestern Narrow Coastline located between Western Ghats and Arabian Sea.
• Rivers flows in Western Coasline are Namada River and Tapti River. Both Rivers flows westwards  or east to west direction.
• There is Sub-region of Western Coastline:

         (a) Gujarat Coast lies between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat,

         (b) Konkan Coast lies between Gulf of Khambat and Goa.

         (c) Malabar Coast lies between Goa and Kanyakumari.

• India biggest container handling seaport Jawahar Lal Nehru Port located at Mumbai, Maharashtra, Konkan Coast.
• Kayamkullam Kayal lake is backwater lake or Lagoon located at Kayamkullam,Kerela,Malabar Coast.
• Cape Comorin or Kanyakumari where join western coast and Eastern Coast and we can say also Malabar coast and Coromandel Coast.

2. Eastern Coastal Plains

• Eastern coastal plain located between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal.
• Rivers flow in Eastern Coastline is Mahanadi, Rashikulya, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri. All rivers flow eastwards or west to east direction. Except Rashikulya , all rivers made delta. These deltas are very fertile and are called ‘rice bowl of India’.
• Kolkata, Paradwip, Chennai and Vishkhapatnam are important seaport of Eastern Coastline.
• There are sub-region of Eastern Coastline:-

     (a) Utkal Plains or Utkal coast lies between south west Bengal and Rashikulya. Mahanadi flows in Utkal Coast.

     (b)Northern Circars lies between Rashikulya River and Krishna River.

     (c)Coromandel Coast lies between Krishna River and Kanyakumari.

Indian Coastal Plains

Islands Group in India

1. Andaman and Nicobar Island

Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago

2. Lakshdweep

Lakshdweep Archipelago

Some related posts :- 

Indian lakes

Indian Dams

Deserts