British Rule in India

East India Company - 1612-1757

Founder- John Watts,George White
Company rule in India (1757-1858) Warren Hasting first Governor General of Bengal
British Raj (1858-1947)

Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833)

1. Warren Hastings (1773-1785) 

• Regulating Act of 1773
• Supreme Council Of Bengal
• Asiatic Society of Bengal
• Stopped Mughal pension to Shah Alam II
• Stopped Diarchy in Bengal
• New Sanskrit School by Jonathan Deccan
• Moved Treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta
• Bengal Gazette- First Indian newspaper published
• First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–82)
• Second Anglo-Mysore war (1780–84)
• First Rohilla War of 1773–1774
• "Ring fence policy"
•  Second Rohilla War 1779
•  Experimentation on land settlements. (1772-five years settlement, changed to 1 year in 1776)
•  English Translation of Bhagwat Gita

2. John Macpherson (1785-1786)

3. Charles Cornwallis(1786-1793)

• Established lower courts and appellate courts
• Permanent Settlement in Bihar and Bengal in 1793
• 3rd Mysore war
• Introduction of Cornwallis Code
• Introduction of Civil Services in India

4. John Shore (1793-1798)

• Policy of Non-intervention
• Charter Act of 1793
• Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas (1795)

5. Alured Clarke (1798-1798)

6. Richard Wellesley (1798-1805)

• Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance
• Fourth Anglo Mysore War 1799
• Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–05)
• Fort William College at Calcutta
• Formation of Madras Presidency in 1801

7. Charles Cornwallis (1805-1805) 2nd time become Governor General for short time period(30 July to 15 Oct).

8. Sir George Barlow (1805-1807)

Event - Sepoy Mutiny at Vellore

9. Lord Minto (1807-1813)

• Charter Act of 1813
• Treaty of Amritsar, 1809 with Ranjit Singh

10. Francis Rawdon Hastings (1813-1823)

• Ended the policy of Non-intervention
• Third Anglo-Maratha War (1816-1818)
• Treaty of Sugauli
• Creation of Bombay Presidency in 1818
• Establishment of Ryotwari System in Madras and
• Mahalwari System in Central India,Punjab And Western UP

11. John Adam (1823-1823) Short Time Period (9 Jan- 1 Aug)

Event - Licensing Regulations

12. Lord Amherst (1823- 1828)

• First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26)
• Treaty of Yandabo, 1826

13. William Butterworth Bayley (1828-1828) Last Governor General of Bengal for short time period (13 Mar - 4 July)

Governor General of India (1833-1858)

1. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) First Governor General of India

•   Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829
•   Charter Act, 1833
•   Saint Helena Act 1833
•   English Education Act 1835
•   Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata

2. Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836)

•  Repealed 1823 Licensing Regulations
•  Known as Liberator of India Press

3. Lord Auckland (1836-1842)

4. Lord Ellenborough (1842-1844)

5. William Wilmerforce Bird (1844- 1844) For short time period (June -23 July)

6. Henry Hardinge (1844-1848) 

•   The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46)
•   The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)
•   Treaty of Lahore

7. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) 

• Doctrine of Lapse
• Charles Wood Despatch
• Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852)
• First Railway line connecting Bombay and Thane
• First telegraph Line was laid between Diamond Harbour to Calcutta.
• Post Office Act, 1854
• Hindu widow remarriage act 1856
• Established Public Works Department
• The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849)
• Engineering College was established at Roorkee.

Emperor or Empress of India 

1.Victoria (1876-1901) First Empress became in India in 1876 after dissolution of East India Company.She was also Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901).

2. Edward VII (1901-1910)

3. George V (1910-1936)

4. Edward VIII (20 Jan 1936- 11 Dec1936) Abdicated 

5. George VI (1936-1948)

Governor General and Viceroy of India (1858-1947)

1. Charles John Canning / Lord Canning (1856-1862)

• University of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were set up in 1858
• The revolt of 1857
• The Government of India Act, 1858
• Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856
• System of Budget introduced

2.Lord Elgin (1862-1863)

3. Robert Napier (21 Nov 1863 - 2 Dec 1863) Short Time Period

4. William Denison (1863-1864)

5. Sir John Lawrence (1864-1869)

• Bhutan War
• Establishment of Shimla as India's summer capital in 1863

6. Richard Southwell Bourke/ 6th Earl of Mayo (1869-1872)

• Assassinated by a Pathan Sher Ali Afridi
• Started the Census.
• Opening of Rajkot college in Kathiawar and Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian Princes
• Started Financial Decentralisation

7. Sir John Strachey (9 Feb 1872-23 Feb 1872) Short Time Period

8. Lord Napier (24 Feb 1872 - 3 May 1872)Short Time Period

9. Lord Northbrook (3 May 1872-12 April 1872) Short Time Period

10. Lord Lytton (1876-1880)

• Vernacular Press Act, 1878
• Second Anglo-Afghan War
• The Indians Arms Act (1878)
• 1st Delhi Durbar out of 3
• Queen Victoria assuming the title of 'Kaiser-i-Hind'

11. Lord Ripon (1880-1884)

• First Factory Act (1881)
• Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882)
• Ilbert Bill
• Government resolution on local self-government (1882)
• Appointment of Education Commission under Sir William Hunter

12. Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

• Formation of Indian National Congress
• Third Anglo-Burmese War

13. Lord Lansdowne (1888-1894)

• Indian Council Act 1892
• Factory Act 1891
• Setting up of Durand Commission (India-Afghanistan)

14. Lord Elgin (1894-1899)

15. Lord Curzon (1899-1905)

• Partition of Bengal (1905)
• 2nd Delhi Durbar out of 3 (1903)
• Appointment of Police Commission under Sir Andrew Frazer
• Appointment of Raleigh University Commission (1902)
• Passing of Indian Universities Act 1904

16. Lord Minto (1905-1910)

• Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 or The Indian Councils Act 1909
• Split in Congress in 1907
• Establishment of Muslim League by Aga Khan (1906)
• Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case, 1908 

17. Lord Hardinge (1910-1916)

• Third Delhi Darbar 1911
• Establishment of Hindu Mahasabha by Madan Mohan Malaviya
• Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy in 1912
• Silk Letter Conspiracy (1913-1920)
• Transfer of Capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911)
• Ist Lahore Conspiracy Case Trial ,1915
• Arrival of Gandhi 
• Gadhar Party (1913-1919) 
• Defence of India Act 1915
• Foundation of Satyagraha Ashrama
• Ghadar Mutiny/ Ghadar Conspiracy,1915
• Berlin Committee, 1915

18. Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)

• Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and Govt of India Act 1919
• Formation of Home Rule League by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916)
• Lucknow Pact (1916) between Congress and Muslim League
• Montagu's August Declaration
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
• Rowlatt Act 1919
• Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre 1919
• Khilafat Movement (1919-1922)
• Non-Cooperation Movement(1920-22) 
• Civil Disobedience Movement /Salt march /Dandi March/Dandi Satyagraha Phase-1 (1921-1924)

19. Lord Reading (1921-1926) 

• Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
• Kakori Train Robbery/Kakori Conspiracy, 1925
• Moplah rebellion 1921
• Khilafat Movement (1919-1922)
• Establishment of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in 1924 
• Delhi Assembly Bombing in 1929 by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar dutt
• Non-Cooperation Movement(1920-22) 
• Civil Disobedience Movement /Salt march /Dandi March/Dandi Satyagraha Phase-1 (1921-1924)
• Rampa Rebellion , 1922-24 led by Alluri Sitaram Raju 
• Belgaum Session 1924

20. Lord Irwin (April 1926-April 1931)

• Butler Commision
• IInd Lahore Conspiracy Case Trial,1931 by Bhagat Singh,Rajguru and Sukhdev
• Hanged Bhagat Singh , Rajguru , Sukhdev on 23 Mar 1931
• Gandhi- Irwin Pact (5 Mar 1931)
• First Round Table Conference (1930-1931)
• Civil Disobedience Movement /Salt march /Dandi March/Dandi Satyagraha Phase-2(1930-1931)
• Chittagong Armoury Raid , 1930

21. Lord Wellingdon (1931-1936)

• Second Round Table Conference (Sep 1931-Nov 1931)
• Third Round Table Conference(Nov 1932-Dec 1932)

22. Lord Linlithgow (1936-1943)

• Formation of Indian National Army/Azad Hind Fauz, 1942
• Quit India Movement,1942

23. Lord Wavell (1943-1947)

•  Simla Conference 1945
•  Cabinet Mission 1946

4. Lord Mountbatten (21 Feb 1947- 15 Aug 1947) Last British Viceroy of India

Governor General of Independent India

1. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) First Governor General of Independent India 

2. C. Rajagopalachari (1948-1950) :- He was First Indian Governor General of Independent India and Last Governor General of Independent India.Then the position of Governor General was abolished in 1950 and President of India post was established.